A syringoma is a benign, or non-cancerous, growth caused by overactive sweat glands. Syringomas usually develop on the neck, upper cheeks, and the lower region of the eyes, but occasionally they grow on the abdomen, armpit, scalp, bellybutton, and genitals.
In most cases, syringomas are harmless and do not cause symptoms. Rarely, however, some individuals with syringomas experience extreme pain and itchiness, especially when sweating.
Syringomas mostly develop in early adulthood, between the ages of 25 and 30.
Syringomas are linked to several different medical conditions, including diabetes.
Though rare, some people have a genetic predisposition towards developing them.
Once syringomas have been diagnosed, there is usually no reason to treat them.
Syringomas are small papules, or firm bumps, that are about 1 to 3 millimeters wide. The papules usually grow in small groups and are typically:
- yellow
- brown
- pale pink
- skin-toned
Syringoma clusters tend to be symmetrical, meaning the same pattern appears on both sides of the body in the same place.
Syringomas develop when sweat duct cells in the outermost layer of skin overgrow or sweat glands overreact, forming tumors or abnormal tissue growths. The sweat ducts are tubular structures that carry perspiration from the sweat gland to the skin's surface for release and cooling.
Electrosurgery
During electrosurgery, electrical currents are concentrated and sent through the syringoma. These currents destroy abnormal tissues and damage blood vessels.
Dermabrasion
Dermabrasion involves physically remove and even out the top layers of the skin. This procedure is often unsuitable for syringomas that are rooted deep in a person's skin.
According to the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, a 50 percent improvement in the targeted skin condition is considered a successful dermabrasion surgery.
Chemical peels
Certain chemicals, most commonly trichloroacetic acid, can be applied directly to the syringoma, usually causing it to dry up and fall off. When done by a trained nurse or doctor chemical peels often do not cause scarring.
Surgical excision
In some cases, syringomas need to be surgically removed using traditional cutting, scraping, and peeling instruments. Surgery is often the last resort option, given excision almost inevitably leads to scarring and tissue damage.
Excision may be the only option for papules that are embedded deep within a person's skin. Surgeons will use sutures or stitches to close the resulting open wound.